Asthma Action Plan: Recognizing Triggers, Inhaler Technique & Emergencies

Understanding Airway Hyperresponsiveness

Bronchial Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. The pathophysiology involves three key processes: chronic mucosal inflammation, bronchial smooth muscle bronchospasm, and excessive mucus production.

Controller vs. Reliever Inhalers

• Reliever (Rescue) Inhalers: Short-acting beta-2 agonists (e.g., Albuterol/Salbutamol) provide rapid bronchodilation within minutes by relaxing airway smooth muscle. Used strictly for acute symptom relief.
• Controller (Maintenance) Inhalers: Inhaled Corticosteroids (e.g., Budesonide, Fluticasone) suppress underlying bronchial inflammation, reduce hypersensitivity, and prevent attacks from occurring. Must be used consistently every day.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate emergency treatment if breathing does not improve after using your rescue inhaler, if you cannot speak complete sentences without pausing for breath, or if you notice skin pulling tightly between your ribs during inhalations (intercostal retractions).